Actor
Definition
An actor is a person, role, team, organizational unit, or external organization that receives a service, performs work, or owns a model object.
Boundaries
An actor describes an acting party, not a software system. One person may perform several roles. A role or team is usually preferred in a stable model because its identity survives staffing changes.
Minimum characteristics
- kind: person, role, team, organizational unit, external party;
- purpose or responsibility area;
- organizational affiliation when relevant;
- lifecycle state.
Relationships
An actor receives a service, uses a channel, participates in a process, and owns any significant object. Owner, operator, and approver can be modeled as specialized responsibility relationships.
Example
ACT-CUSTOMER is the customer receiving support; ACT-CRM-TEAM is the team owning the CRM system.
Common mistakes
- recording an employee name instead of a stable role;
- treating a system as a business actor without an explicit reason;
- storing ownership only as free text that cannot be connected to other objects.